Save and quit
:w => Save [:w filename writes the content to the specified file from current file]:q => Exit as long as there have been no changes
:q! => Exit and ignore any changes
:wq => Save and Exit.
:x => Exit, saving changes
ZZ => Exit and save changes if any have been made
:10,20w filename => writes the line from 10th line to 20th line in given file name
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Moving the Cursor
h : Move left
i : Move right
j : Move down
k : Move up
+ : act as j in command mode
- : act as k in command mode
w : Move to next word
W : Move to next blank delimited word
b : Move to the beginning of the word
B : Move to the beginning of blank delimiter word
e : Move to the end of the word
E : Move to the end of Blank delimited word
ge : jump to previous word-ending
gE : jump to previous word-ending, ignore punctuation
g_ : jump to last non-blank character of the line
( : Move a sentence back
) :Move a sentence forward
{ : Move a paragraph back
} : Move a paragraph forward
0 : Move to the beginning of the line [ 0 and | acts as a Home key it goes to beginning of a line ]
$ : Move to the end of the line, acts as a End key
:1 : Move to the first line of the file
G : Move to the last line of the file
nG : Move to nth line of the file
:n : Move to nth line of the file
fc :Move forward to c (c= character)
Fc : Move back to c
H :Move to top of screen
M :Move to middle of screen
L : Move to bottom of screen
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i : Move right
j : Move down
k : Move up
+ : act as j in command mode
- : act as k in command mode
w : Move to next word
W : Move to next blank delimited word
b : Move to the beginning of the word
B : Move to the beginning of blank delimiter word
e : Move to the end of the word
E : Move to the end of Blank delimited word
ge : jump to previous word-ending
gE : jump to previous word-ending, ignore punctuation
g_ : jump to last non-blank character of the line
( : Move a sentence back
) :Move a sentence forward
{ : Move a paragraph back
} : Move a paragraph forward
0 : Move to the beginning of the line [ 0 and | acts as a Home key it goes to beginning of a line ]
$ : Move to the end of the line, acts as a End key
:1 : Move to the first line of the file
G : Move to the last line of the file
nG : Move to nth line of the file
:n : Move to nth line of the file
fc :Move forward to c (c= character)
Fc : Move back to c
H :Move to top of screen
M :Move to middle of screen
L : Move to bottom of screen
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Inserting Text
i : Insert before cursor
I : Insert before line
a : Append after cursor
A : Append after line
o : Open a new line after current line
O : Open a new line before current line
r : Replace one character
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I : Insert before line
a : Append after cursor
A : Append after line
o : Open a new line after current line
O : Open a new line before current line
r : Replace one character
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Delete/Cut and Paste
d^ : Deletes from current cursor position to the beginning of the line.
d$ : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the line.
dw : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the word.
dd : Deletes three lines from current cursor position downwards.(also :d)
yy : Yank the current line (also :y)
x : Delete a character next to the cursor
X : Delete character to the left of cursor
P : Paste line before the cursor
p : Paste line after the cursor
. : Repeat last edit command
u : Undo last edit (Ctrl+r redo)
U : Undo changes to current line
J : Join two lines
In Escape mode: C is delete the line from under the cursor to end of the line.
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d$ : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the line.
dw : Deletes from current cursor position to the end of the word.
dd : Deletes three lines from current cursor position downwards.(also :d)
yy : Yank the current line (also :y)
x : Delete a character next to the cursor
X : Delete character to the left of cursor
P : Paste line before the cursor
p : Paste line after the cursor
. : Repeat last edit command
u : Undo last edit (Ctrl+r redo)
U : Undo changes to current line
J : Join two lines
In Escape mode: C is delete the line from under the cursor to end of the line.
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External commands:
In Vim it's easy to include the output of external commands in to file.
!command, the output will be shown in prompt.
To insert the output of the external command in the current file
type :r!command for example
Code:
:r!date
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!command, the output will be shown in prompt.
To insert the output of the external command in the current file
type :r!command for example
Code:
:r!date
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Completion
In insert mode.
Ctrl+p word completion .
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l whole line completion.
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k to do a dictionary lookup for the already typed characters.
Ctrl+x Ctrl+f to print the filename is vim.
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Ctrl+p word completion .
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l whole line completion.
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k to do a dictionary lookup for the already typed characters.
Ctrl+x Ctrl+f to print the filename is vim.
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Search/Replace
/pattern : search for pattern
?pattern : search backward for pattern
n :repeat search in same direction
N : repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g : replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc : replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
We can change the substitution delimiter instead of "/" to % or # or @ or !.
Refer the Following Link.
http://www.unix.com/unix-dummies-questions-answers/131585-changing-vi.html
:/pattern/= => Print the line number of the first line that matches pattern.
:g/pattern => Finds (moves to) the last occurrence of pattern in the file.
:g/pattern/p => Finds and displays all lines in the file containing pattern.
:g!/pattern/nu => Finds and displays all lines in the file that don't contain pattern;
also displays the line number for each line found.
:60,124g/pattern/p => Finds and displays any lines between lines 60 and 124 containing pattern
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?pattern : search backward for pattern
n :repeat search in same direction
N : repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g : replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc : replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
We can change the substitution delimiter instead of "/" to % or # or @ or !.
Refer the Following Link.
http://www.unix.com/unix-dummies-questions-answers/131585-changing-vi.html
:/pattern/= => Print the line number of the first line that matches pattern.
:g/pattern => Finds (moves to) the last occurrence of pattern in the file.
:g/pattern/p => Finds and displays all lines in the file containing pattern.
:g!/pattern/nu => Finds and displays all lines in the file that don't contain pattern;
also displays the line number for each line found.
:60,124g/pattern/p => Finds and displays any lines between lines 60 and 124 containing pattern
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Inverting Case (Upper to Lower / Lower to Upper)
~ :changes the lower case to upper case of current character
~guu :change current line from upper to lower.
~gUU :Change current LINE from lower to upper.
~guw :Change current WORD from upper to lower.
~gUw :Change current WORD from lower to upper.
g~~ :Invert case to entire line
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~guu :change current line from upper to lower.
~gUU :Change current LINE from lower to upper.
~guw :Change current WORD from upper to lower.
~gUw :Change current WORD from lower to upper.
g~~ :Invert case to entire line
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Opening Man page from VIM
K (Shift+k) will diplays the man page of current word under the cursor
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Splitting Windows
:sp will split the window
:q to quit from current split window
Crtl+ww navigate through another file
:bnext (or :bn) go to next buffer
:bprev (or :bp) go to previous buffer
:bd delete a buffer (close a file)
Ctrl+ws Split windows
Ctrl+ww Switch between windows
Ctrl+wq Quit a window
Ctrl+wv Split windows vertically.
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:q to quit from current split window
Crtl+ww navigate through another file
:bnext (or :bn) go to next buffer
:bprev (or :bp) go to previous buffer
:bd delete a buffer (close a file)
Ctrl+ws Split windows
Ctrl+ww Switch between windows
Ctrl+wq Quit a window
Ctrl+wv Split windows vertically.
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Set Options
:set showmode - will show the current mode
:set autowrite - will write into file when we are toggling between two files with in editor.
:set autoindent - it is used for intendation the code.
Displaying Line Numbers
From Command Mode
:set nu [OR] :set number Display line numbers It will not save in file after closing the file.
:set nonu [OR] :set nonumber Hide line numbers
:set nomagic - will special character meaning, like * as some meaning when searching
:set tabstop - will set the spaces of tab key default it will 8 spaces
:set showmatch - will show the match of that brace default it will be setted.
:set spell will set the spell checking and high light wrong spell words.
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:set autowrite - will write into file when we are toggling between two files with in editor.
:set autoindent - it is used for intendation the code.
Displaying Line Numbers
From Command Mode
:set nu [OR] :set number Display line numbers It will not save in file after closing the file.
:set nonu [OR] :set nonumber Hide line numbers
:set nomagic - will special character meaning, like * as some meaning when searching
:set tabstop - will set the spaces of tab key default it will 8 spaces
:set showmatch - will show the match of that brace default it will be setted.
:set spell will set the spell checking and high light wrong spell words.
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Folding
If we want to folding some few lines in vim file:
First select the lines after type :fold
The selected line is folded.
If we want to open the folded lines use "zo".
If we want to close the folding lines use zc".
zR Unfold all folded lines in file.
za Open/close (toggle) a folded group of lines.
zA Open a closed fold or close an open fold recursively.
zc Close a folded group of lines.
zC Close all folded lines recursively.
zd Delete a folded line.
zD Delete all folded lines recursively.
zE Eliminate all folded lines in file.
zF Create "N" folded lines.
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First select the lines after type :fold
The selected line is folded.
If we want to open the folded lines use "zo".
If we want to close the folding lines use zc".
zR Unfold all folded lines in file.
za Open/close (toggle) a folded group of lines.
zA Open a closed fold or close an open fold recursively.
zc Close a folded group of lines.
zC Close all folded lines recursively.
zd Delete a folded line.
zD Delete all folded lines recursively.
zE Eliminate all folded lines in file.
zF Create "N" folded lines.
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Recording
Insert mode type 1.
Escape mode.
q a press q buffer name
copy and paste.
Ctrl+a increments the number in current cursor
Ctrl+x decrements the number in current cursor
q to quit from recording
to execute the recording buffer:
10 @ buffername(a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ctrl + a => increase a number under the cursor.
Ctrl + x => decrease a number under the cursor.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Escape mode.
q a press q buffer name
copy and paste.
Ctrl+a increments the number in current cursor
Ctrl+x decrements the number in current cursor
q to quit from recording
to execute the recording buffer:
10 @ buffername(a)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ctrl + a => increase a number under the cursor.
Ctrl + x => decrease a number under the cursor.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
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Mapping a key
In vim editor we can map the key for our requirement for that we use map command
Syntax: :map keyname work
Eg: :map <F2> :w - will save the file when F2 key pressed in command mode.
The key can be unmapped by unmap command
Syntax: :unmap
This mapping key is useful for compiling and executing a program
Syntax: :map keyname work
Eg: :map <F2> :w - will save the file when F2 key pressed in command mode.
The key can be unmapped by unmap command
Syntax: :unmap
This mapping key is useful for compiling and executing a program
Abbreviation
Abbreviation is used in this vim editor
Syntax: :ab abbreviatedword explanation
Eg: :ab w work
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Ctrl+f forward scroll screen
Ctrl+b backward scroll screen
Ctrl-d Scroll down one half of a page
Ctrl-u Scroll up one half of a page
. will execute the last command in execution mode
In split window N goes backward to navigate
^w+ resizing the current split window to larging
^w- To decreasing the size of current split window
p put after current cursor
P put before the current cursor
In Insert mode Ctrl+w is used to cut the current word.
we can open multiple file at same time by passing all filename in vim command in single line.
:next is used to go to next file.
J concatenates the line by deleting the end of line
:set aw this command ensures that file saved automatically before switching.
: on removes all other windows in split window and current window will become the full screen.
Buffer can be used in this file to create buffer "buffername commands output command is stored in buffername.
Eg: "a3yy - copy the 3 lines and stored in a buffer
We can replace the particular word in particular range of line
Syntax: %10s/new/old/g - global
: pwd Print the current directory name.
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p and P differs on entire line and part of line deleted or yanked.
P places it left when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.
p places it right when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.
P places it above when entire line is deleted or yanked.
p places it below when entire line is deleted or yanked.
Syntax: :ab abbreviatedword explanation
Eg: :ab w work
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Ctrl+f forward scroll screen
Ctrl+b backward scroll screen
Ctrl-d Scroll down one half of a page
Ctrl-u Scroll up one half of a page
. will execute the last command in execution mode
In split window N goes backward to navigate
^w+ resizing the current split window to larging
^w- To decreasing the size of current split window
p put after current cursor
P put before the current cursor
In Insert mode Ctrl+w is used to cut the current word.
we can open multiple file at same time by passing all filename in vim command in single line.
:next is used to go to next file.
J concatenates the line by deleting the end of line
:set aw this command ensures that file saved automatically before switching.
: on removes all other windows in split window and current window will become the full screen.
Buffer can be used in this file to create buffer "buffername commands output command is stored in buffername.
Eg: "a3yy - copy the 3 lines and stored in a buffer
We can replace the particular word in particular range of line
Syntax: %10s/new/old/g - global
: pwd Print the current directory name.
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p and P differs on entire line and part of line deleted or yanked.
P places it left when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.
p places it right when word is deleted or cutted or yanked.
P places it above when entire line is deleted or yanked.
p places it below when entire line is deleted or yanked.
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In Insert Mode
^t give tab in beggining of a line
^y copies above character and paste
^u undo the operation
^i gives tab in current position
^o goes to command mode and accept only one command and return back to insert mode
^a place the buffer which has inserted text after opening the file.
^j and ^m acts as a enter key
^k insert before the current position
^c goes to command mode
In execution shift>> acts as tab instead of tab character
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B,W,E navigate between words but they ignore punctuations.
:.!tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' - will convert case lower to upper in current line
:map r :w^V^M will save the file when press r in command mode
^M is set to be enter key in mapping
Visual mode.
Shift+v is to select a line
Ctrl+v is to select a block of text.
gv is used to reselect the last selection part in visual mode.
If you select some lines in visual mode using Ctrl+v or Shift+v.
later you want to select last selection in lines use gv.
